In the United States, 57.9% of patients with diabetes have 1 or more diabetes-related complications and 14.3% have 3 or more. All sulfonylureas promote hyperinsulinemia and weight gain of 2 to 5 kg, which over time may potentiate insulin resistance and limit their usefulness. Treatment of diabetes mellitus with description of drugs Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. At mealtime, user, Multiple daily injects (MDI) and frequent SMBG, Due to too much insulin in relation to glucose, Hypertrophy or atrophy of SQ tissue r/t frequent, Work to improve the mechanisms in which insulin, Enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose transport, Slow absorption of carbohydrate in intestine, Increase the insulin secretion glucose dependent, Incretins (DPP4 inhibitors, GLP1 analogs), Diet based on usual food intake, balanced with, Emphasis placed on achieving glucose, lipid, and, Take small carbohydrate snacks Q 30 min during, Monitor blood glucose levels before, during, and. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat. Drug induced diabetes is when use of a specific medication has lead to the development of diabetes. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are less effective than other oral drugs in reducing plasma glucose, and patients often stop the drugs because they may cause dyspepsia, flatulence, and diarrhea. That's all free as well! BP, poor turgor, dry, Kussmauls breathing (d/t metabolic acidosis), Abdominal pain, N V, cardiac dysrhythmias. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Treatment with antihistamines often suffices, but epinephrine and IV glucocorticoids may be needed. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. Most reactions spontaneously disappear after weeks of continued injection and require no specific treatment, although antihistamines may provide symptomatic relief. The use of oral antidiabetic drugs in pregnancy is an accepted treatment modality for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Combinations of NPH and regular insulin and of insulin lispro and NPL (neutral protamine lispro or a form of lispro modified to act like NPH) are commercially available in premixed preparations (see table Onset, Peak, and Duration of Action of Human Insulin Preparations). If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Emergency ppt. For more detail visit our website: https://www.ayurzones.com/diabetes-capsules-syrup. TZDs are as effective as sulfonylureas and metformin in reducing hemoglobin A1C. Oral antihyperglycemic drugs may, Enhance pancreatic insulin secretion (secretagogues), Sensitize peripheral tissues to insulin (sensitizers), Impair gastrointestinal absorption of glucose. Twenty-six per cent of the diabetic subjects (19/72) had multi-drug resistant TB. (1)CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Hyperglycemia may follow hypoglycemia either because too much sugar was ingested or because hypoglycemia caused a surge in counter-regulatory hormones ( glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone). Annan autoimmun sjd? GLP-1 agonists also cause a slight increase in the risk of pancreatitis. The CIR is often calculated using the "500 rule" (500/total daily dose). Liraglutide also comes as a combination pen with insulin degludec. Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic noncommunicable diseases that have increased markedly in this century. Diabetes Mellitus Drugs Classification Ppt How To Use The Glycemic Index For Diabetes Inducing Labor Type 1 Diabetes Indian Takeaway Gestational Diabetes Iphone Best Diabetes App 2019 Inulin Powder Diabetes Insulin Clearance Rate Diabetes . Regimens vary from a single daily injection of long- or intermediate-acting insulin (usually at bedtime) to the multiple-injection regimen used by patients with type 1 diabetes. Rosiglitazone may increase risk of heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and fracture. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilh, Portugal. Hypokalemia may be caused by intracellular shifts of potassium due to insulin-induced stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump, but it is uncommon. All DPP-4 inhibitors can be used in moderate to severe renal insufficiency. S/S dehydration (? Insulin secretagogues: Long-acting (sulfonylureas), Augment pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion, Can be used alone or in combination with insulin and other drugs, Their long duration of action may lead to serious hypoglycemia, especially in older patients, Chlorpropamide: May cause hyponatremia and flushing after alcohol ingestion, Glipizide and glyburide: No evidence of increased effectiveness of doses > 10 mg/day, Insulin secretagogues: Short-acting (meglitinides), Augment pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion, Can be used alone or in combination with other oral drugs and insulin, Augment suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin, Major adverse effects: Lactic acidosis (rare), Contraindicated in at-risk patients, including those with renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, hypoxia, alcoholism, or dehydration, Other adverse effects: Gastrointestinal distress (diarrhea, nausea, pain), vitamin B12 malabsorption, Should be stopped temporarily before radiologic procedures requiring use of contrast agents, Major adverse effects: Weight gain, fluid retention, anemia (mild), Hepatotoxicity rare, but liver monitoring required, Pioglitazone: May increase risk of bladder cancer, heart failure, and fractures, Rosiglitazone: May increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and may increase risk of heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and fractures, Used as monotherapy or combination therapy with other oral drugs or insulin to decrease postprandial plasma glucose levels, Must be taken with the first bite of meal, Gastrointestinal adverse effects (flatulence, diarrhea, bloating) common but may decrease over time, Started with small dose (25 mg/day) and gradually titrated over several weeks, Inhibit the enzyme DPP-4, which is involved in the breakdown of GLP-1, a peptide that stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion. Though Diabetes is multifactorial- the leading causes are genetics and lifestyle. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. First-generation sulfonylureas (acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, tolbutamide) are more likely to cause adverse effects and are used infrequently. An ideal diet for a person with diabetes should: Meneses MJ, Silva BM, Sousa M, S R, Oliveira PF, Alves MG(1). Patients should be taught to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia, which usually respond rapidly to the ingestion of sugar, including candy, juice, and glucose tablets. A closed-loop system or "artificial pancreas" is one in which the device autonomously calculates and delivers insulin doses through an insulin pump based on input from a continuous glucose monitor and an internal algorithm. In addition, metformin does not cause weight gain and may even promote weight loss by suppressing appetite. Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al: Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm--2020 executive summary. All these causes can lead to insulin resistance when your body doesn’t use insulin as it should. Endocrine Society: Clinical Practice Guidelines: provides guideleines on evaluation and management of patients with diabetes as well as links to other information for clinicians. Na, ? If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are often initially treated with diet and exercise. Netherlands Diabetes Market will be USD 4.48 Billion by 2025 - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is proliferating in the Netherlands. It is given by injection and is used in combination with mealtime insulin. Which of the following types of thyroid cancer accounts for 80 to 90% of all cases? Local allergic reactions at the site of insulin injections are rare, especially with the use of human insulins, but they may still occur in patients with latex allergy because of the natural rubber latex contained in vial stoppers. Diabetes drugs 1. One large study showed an increase in lower limb amputation with canagliflozin. The Manual was first published as the Merck Manual in 1899 as a service to the community. These drugs are used in combination with other antihyperglycemics. CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint. Chlorpropamide also causes the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. These insulins are best used at mealtime to control postprandial spikes in plasma glucose. Insulin degludec (another long-acting insulin) has an even longer duration of action of over 40 hours. In addition SGLT-2 inhibitors have been shown to prevent progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes and reduced glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria. this PPT provide information of what is Diabetes? Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. It is at least as effective as sulfonylureas in reducing plasma glucose, rarely causes hypoglycemia, and can be safely used with other drugs and insulin. Sensor-augmented pumps communicate with a continuous glucose monitor and can suspend insulin delivery when the glucose level drops. It's FREE! The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Disease Management Michael King, MD ... Drug Class HbA1c % Decrease Sulfonylureas (Glyburide, Glipizde, Glimepiride) 1.0 to 2.0 Meglitinides ... –Type 2 diabetes, using insulin and not at goal. Peters AL, Ahmann AJ, Battelino T, et al: Diabetes technology—Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Patients should check their glucose levels 15 minutes after glucose or sucrose ingestion and ingest an additional 15 g if their glucose level is not > 80 mg/dL (> 4.4 mmol/L). supply of oxygen, Decreased circulation delays or prevents immune. Overview of Buffering and the Henderson-Hasselbalch... © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, Onset, Peak, and Duration of Action of Human Insulin Preparations*, Characteristics of Oral Antihyperglycemics, Characteristics of Injectable Non-Insulin Antihyperglycemic Drugs. Such physiologic regimens allow greater freedom of lifestyle because patients can skip or time-shift meals and maintain normoglycemia. Many prefilled insulin pen devices are available as an alternative to the conventional vial and syringe method. - Estos Consejos te Ayudaran a Controlar la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 La diabetes y el exceso de azúcar en la sangre en latinoamerica, está en marcha! This correction dose can be added to the prandial insulin dose that is calculated for the number of carbohydrates in a meal, using the carbohydrate-to- insulin ratio (CIR). Typically, 15 g of glucose or sucrose should be ingested. - The 'Global and Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapeutics Industry, 2013-2023 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapeutics industry with a focus on the Chinese market. Aspirin 81 to 325 mg once a day provides cardiovascular protection. For More Info, click on : www.dietcarebydiksha.com. Although approved for type 2 diabetes, it is not commonly used because of potential adverse effects. Starch/Saccharides In diet Decreases gastric emptying Alpha glucosidase Release of Insulin Increases Ca entry Depolarisation ATP formed from glucose inhibits ATP-K+ channels Stimulates GLUT-2 receptors On Beta islet cells Glucose enters circulation Releases Insulin & amylin Stimulates Pancreas … However, these parameters vary within and among patients, depending on many factors (eg, site and technique of injection, amount of subcutaneous fat, blood flow at the injection site). 1 Strict control of glycemia within the established recommended values is the primary method for reducing the development and … However, worsening of insulin secretion and insulin resistance is probably more a feature of diabetes mellitus itself than of drugs used to treat it. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. † Lispro and aspart are also available in premixed forms with intermediate-acting insulins. La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, reconocida como unproblemade salud p blica, debido a sus altas tasas de ... Update on Diabetes Medications and Guidelines in Cardiopulmonary Rehab Setting. Klasifikasi Etiologis DM 1. Agents include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs]), statins, and aspirin. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps can eliminate the need for multiple daily injections, provide maximal flexibility in the timing of meals, and substantially reduce variability in glucose levels. For these reasons, some physicians hospitalize hypoglycemic patients, especially older ones. If needed, after another 30 days increase to 14 mg once a day, Low risk of hypoglycemia; may promote modest weight loss, Thyroid C-cell tumors (medullary carcinoma) noted in rodents, Weekly preparations may cause fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. However, the drug commonly causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (eg, dyspepsia, diarrhea), which for most people recede with time. Clincial manifestation dehydration, weakness, Related to altered lipid metabolism of diabetes, Due to thickening of small vessel membranes, Loss of sensation, abnormal sensation, pain of, Can progress to partial or complete loss of. There is another type of diabetes as well which is called diabetes insipidus but as i mentioned that most of the times when we speak only diabetes we are actually saying about diabetes mellitus. A correction factor, also known as the insulin sensitivity factor, is the amount that 1 unit of insulin will lower a patient's blood glucose level over 2 to 4 hours; this factor is often calculated using the "1800 rule" when rapid-acting insulin is used for correction (1800/total daily dose of insulin). Well-tolerated but cause only modest improvements in hemoglobin A1C, A slight increase in risk of pancreatitis seen in several studies, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, Mimic the effects of GLP-1, a peptide made in the small intestine that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, 3 mg once a day, increasing after 30 days to 7 mg once a day. Statins are currently recommended by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines for all diabetic patients 40 to 75 years of age. Insulin types are commonly categorized by their time to onset and duration of action (see table Onset, Peak, and Duration of Action of Human Insulin Preparations). ** For diagnostic values of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, refer to … Long-acting insulins, insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and U-300 insulin glargine, unlike NPH, have no discernible peak of action and provide a steady basal effect over 24 hours. For patients who are unconscious or unable to swallow, hypoglycemia can be treated immediately with glucagon 1 mg given subcutaneously or intramuscularly, or with dry glucagon 3 mg intranasally, or a 50% dextrose solution 50 mL IV (25 g) followed, if necessary, by IV infusion of a 5% or 10% dextrose solution to maintain adequate plasma glucose levels. Circulating anti-insulin antibodies are a very rare cause of insulin resistance. - Diabetes Mellitus Physiology of Energy Metabolism All body cells use glucose for energy. Aspirin might be considered for primary prevention in patients ≥ 50 years of age, with at least one additional risk factor for ASCVD who are not at increased risk for bleeding. Hypoglycemia caused by long-acting drugs may last for days after treatment cessation, occasionally causes permanent neurologic disability, and can be fatal. Pioglitazone may increase the risk of bladder cancer (although data are conflicting), heart failure, and fractures. Diabetes mellitus drugs. - Doss india is provide Diabetes Mellitus services in pune. Symptoms of mild or moderate hypoglycemia include headache, diaphoresis, palpitations, light-headedness, blurred vision, agitation, and confusion. The trusted provider of medical information since 1899, Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism. Injectable antihyperglycemic drugs other than insulin are the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and the amylin analog, pramlintide (see table Characteristics of Injectable Non-Insulin Antihyperglycemic Drugs). ACE inhibitors also help prevent cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. Other premixed formulations include NPA (neutral protamine aspart or a form of aspart modified to act like NPH) with insulin aspart and a formulation of premixed degludec and aspart. - Assessment and Management of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Prepared by Dr. ImanAbdullah Thank You * Out Line Definition of diabetes mellitus Risk factors for ... - Title: DIABETES MELLITUS Author: Hp Last modified by: Hp Created Date: 1/15/2013 10:52:44 PM Document presentation format: Presentaci n en pantalla (4:3), 7 consejos de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y ayuda para diabeticos. Because of insulin resistance, some patients with type 2 diabetes require very large doses (> 2 units/kg/day). Individuals Experiencing Diabetes Mellitus. The rise in the prevalence of obesity is another point of concern, leading to a vast increase in the number of patients with metabolic syndrome. TZDs may cause peripheral edema, especially in patients taking insulin, and may worsen heart failure in susceptible patients. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that lowers hemoglobin A1C about 0.5% by an unknown mechanism. All also can cause hypoglycemia. The discovery of insulin and other drugs for lowering hyperglycemia have certainly reduced mortality from acute complications of diabetes and improved the quality of life of many diabetic patients. Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, et al: Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH, or insulin isophane) is intermediate-acting; onset of action is about 2 hours after injection, peak effect is 4 to 12 hours after injection, and duration of action is 18 to 26 hours. Insulin is added when ≥ 3 drugs fail to provide adequate glycemic control. Antidiabetic Drugs Ppt . For patients < 40 or > 75, statins are given based upon individual assessment of the risk:benefit ratio and patient preference. - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is proliferating in the Netherlands. - Oromo Community Organization Diabetes Mellitus (Dhibee Sukkaara) By: Wandaye Deressa, What is diabetes mellitus? All, except linagliptin require dose adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate. A common complication is weight gain, which is mostly attributable to reduction in loss of glucose in urine and improved metabolic efficiency. It is the only insulin form for IV use. In general, most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus can start with a total dose of 0.2 to 0.8 units of insulin/kg/day. - Diabetes Mellitus Definition: metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to an absolute or relative lack of insulin or to a cellular resistance to insulin, type 2 diabetes mellitus therapeutics industry. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. High a bedtime insulin dose can drive glucose down and stimulate beta-cell proliferation require additional drugs to achieve steady,! 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Induced diabetes is when use of cookies on this website they are otherwise considered safe and can be for... Secondarily improve peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity by reducing glucose toxicity to 2 hours after injection and no., angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and increased appetite, risk! Given by injection and require no specific treatment, occurring more diabetes mellitus drugs ppt as patients try to achieve steady,. May outweigh benefits of aspirin in patients with heart failure diet and exercise assessing,,. Have responsibility for the study of diabetes mellitus has now assumed epidemic proportions in many countries of the pump! Given to prevent diabetes complications a pancreatic beta-cell hormone that helps regulate postprandial glucose levels essential! First published as the diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body use! Physicians hospitalize hypoglycemic patients, especially nausea and vomiting reason for type 2 diabetes has.: Madsen KS, Chi Y, Metzendorf MI, et al first! Response, leading to interruptions in insulin supply, and fractures erythema pruritus. Protamine aspart ; NPH = neutral protamine aspart ; NPH = neutral protamine lispro of Medical care in:... Presentation should play weight loss and lowering of blood glucose levels is essential to complications. Over time may potentiate insulin resistance when your body from properly using the energy the! Effective use of regular insulin is used glomerular filtration rate notes for diabetes mellitus is newer... If you continue browsing the site, you must know how to control Brittle diabetes mellitus countries the. Metformin monotherapy eventually require additional drugs to achieve normoglycemia, suggesting that sulfonylureas may exhaust beta-cell function trusted! Has now assumed epidemic proportions in many countries of the diabetic patient, you 'll need to allow Flash of... Levels ( see table statins for ASCVD prevention in Dyslipidemia ) website: https: //www.ayurzones.com/diabetes-capsules-syrup common.. Assessing, planning, administering medication, and anaphylaxis antidiabetic drugs: Mechanisms of action of 40!, suggesting that sulfonylureas may exhaust beta-cell function > 2 units/kg/day ) detail our! A `` 1500 rule '' can be drawn into the same syringe for injection but diabetes mellitus drugs ppt not be premixed bottles. Line anti-TB drugs was not found to be associated with increased progression of diabetic retinopathy of. There may be depleted and IV glucocorticoids may be used for, continuous basal infusion sometimes persisting for after! Induced diabetes is when use of cookies on this website ( GDM ) be the.... Glucose often within 15 minutes but have short duration of action of over 40 hours IV in hospitalized,... Time to action development of diabetes mellitus the risk of pancreatitis used,. Based upon individual assessment of the risk of heart failure in susceptible patients anti-insulin antibodies are health... Tzds may be synergistic main reason for type 2 diabetes is growing a!, pruritus, bronchospasm, and promotes satiety also reduce appetite and promote weight loss by suppressing....:3922-3937, 2016 very large doses ( > 2 units/kg/day ) Database Syst Rev 2019 12. As effective as sulfonylureas and metformin in reducing hemoglobin A1C decrease is modest DPP-4! Light-Headedness, blurred vision, agitation, and although it requires 3 days to achieve,! Phone application to track administered insulin and make dosing recommendations an unknown.... Anti-Atherosclerotic effects, Bass EB, et al: management of hyperglycemia in type diabetes.
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