[26] The adoption of the Melbourne Code for botanical nomenclature had an unexpected impact on many names that have been long in use and are well-established in literature. Bremer, B. Way more information than you ever wanted on how to fell a tree! The Plant List includes 31,167 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Rubiaceae. [36] However, Dialypetalanthus is morphologically quite aberrant in Rubiaceae and if it should be excluded from Rubiaceae, the subfamilial name remains Ixoroideae. The last subfamilial classification solely based on morphological characters divided Rubiaceae into four subfamilies: Cinchonoideae, Ixoroideae, Antirheoideae, and Rubioideae. A second type of bacterial leaf symbiosis is found in the genera Fadogia, Fadogiella, Globulostylis, Rytigynia, Vangueria (all belonging to the tribe Vanguerieae), where Burkholderia bacteria are found freely distributed among the mesophyll cells and no leaf nodules are formed. Rubiaceae . Spermacoce hepperiana). The bark of trees in the genus Cinchona is the source of a variety of alkaloids, the most familiar of which is quinine, one of the first agents effective in treating malaria. The most economically important member of the family is the genus Coffea used in the production of coffee. In the Miocene, they are found in these four regions plus South America and Europe.[42]. Nertera granadensis is a well-known house plant cultivated for its conspicuous orange berries. WORLD'S BEST TREE FELLING TUTORIAL! is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Psychotria (family Rubiaceae). ⚠ Version 1 of The Plant List has been superseded. The family Rubiaceae is named after Rubia, a name used by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia for madder (Rubia tinctorum). Coffea, Psychotria), or schizocarp (e.g. Criteria: family contains ’Rubiaceae’; Number of results: 15 Cephalanthus occidentalisButtonbush; Galium aparineSticky-willy; Galium asprellumRough Bedstraw; Galium borealeNorthern Bedstraw; Galium circaezansLicorice Bedstraw; Galium concinnumShining Bedstraw; Galium labradoricumLabrador Bedstraw; Galium mollugoFalse Baby's Breath; Galium … The species included are grouped into 16167 genera, 620 families and 4 major groups. There are three subfamilies: Rubioideae, Cinchonoideae and Ixoroideae. The commercially cultivated coffees are Arabica (Coffea arabica, Figure 1.1) and Robusta (Coffea canephora, Figure 1.2). Records are being filtered, turn off? [9] The tribes containing the largest number of heterostylous species are Spermacoceae and Psychotrieae. [13], An intimate association between bacteria and plants is found in three rubiaceous genera (viz. the seashore tree Guettarda speciosa). Statistics are at the end of the page. stylar pollen presentation, raphides, endosperm, heterostyly, etc. Burchellia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. Coffea, Psychotria), but members of the family can also be trees (e.g. Hillia), and winged seeds (e.g. Entomophilous species produce nectar from an epigynous disk at the base of the corolla tube to attract insects. Noun 1. [35] However, an alternative view is proposed where only two subfamilies are recognized, an expanded Cinchonoideae (that includes Ixoroideae, Coptosapeltaeae and Luculieae) and Rubioideae. Rubiaceae, the madder family (order Gentianales) of flowering plants, consisting of 611 genera with more than 13,150 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees, distributed primarily in tropical areas of the world. There is support for the subfamilies Cinchonoideae, Ixoroideae, and Rubioideae, although differently circumscribed, and Antirheoideae is shown to be polyphyletic. The family contains about 13,500 species in 611 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Statistics. Globulostylis). You can check The Plant List for further information. Gentry (1993, p. 722) has a useful illustration of the stipules of various genera. Several species are of economic importance as sources of useful chemicals, and a … Psychotria, with around 1530 species, is the largest genus within the family and the third-largest genus of the angiosperms, after the legume Astragalus and the orchid Bulbophyllum. Coffea includes 124 species, but only three species are cultivated for coffee production: C. arabica, C. canephora, and C. Species in Adina. Ornithophily is rare and is found in red-flowered species of Alberta, Bouvardia, and Burchellia. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96: 4–26. The Plant List contains a working list of plants of the world. Oldenlandia), drupe (e.g. [7], Molecular studies have demonstrated the phylogenetic placement of Rubiaceae within the order Gentianales and the monophyly of the family is confirmed. Secondary pollen presentation (also known as stylar pollen presentation or ixoroid pollen mechanism) is especially known from the Gardenieae and related tribes. In India there are about 76 genera and 274 species occurring chiefly in the tropical and subtropical Eastern Himalayas extending up to 4600 meters and mountains of southern and Western India. Psychotria denticulata Wall. six in Richardia[3]) flowers are usually bisexual and usually epigynous. Statistics are at the bottom of the page. The 4-5-merous (rarely pleiomerous; e.g. Vanguerieae). A list of all accepted names in Rubiaceae is available in CSV format. The genus contains only one species, Burchellia bubalina, which is endemic to southern Africa. Rubiaceae – Madder (Bedstraw) Family The Rubiaceae, or Coffee, Madder, and Bedstraw Family consists of trees, shrubs, vines and herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with stipules growing between petioles.The Rubiaceae is the fourth largest flowering plant family with 13,500 species in 611 genera with the greatest diversity occurring in the subtropics. The calyx mostly has the lobes fused at the base; unequal calyx lobes are not uncommon, and sometimes (e.g. Plant Families List This page is primarily designed to provide the list of plants on this site by their botanical family. In three genera (Pavetta, Psychotria, Sericanthe), bacterial leaf nodules can be observed as dark spots or lines on the leaves. Galium aparine fruits are densely covered with hooked bristly hairs). The Rubiaceae consist of terrestrial and predominantly woody plants. Coffea arabica); yellow (e.g. The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules. [42], Fossil Rubiaceae are known from three regions in the Eocene (North America north of Mexico, Mexico-Central America-Caribbean, and Southeast Pacific-Asia). The seeds are endospermous. The roots of this plant have been used since ancient times to extract alizarin and purpurin, two red dyes used for coloring clothes. liberica.[7]. The corolla is sympetalous, mostly actinomorphic, usually tubular, mostly white or creamy but also yellow (e.g. The well-known genus Rubus (blackberries and raspberries) is unrelated and belongs to Rosaceae, the rose family. Epizoochorous taxa are limited to herbaceous Rubiaceae (e.g. The genera Anthorrhiza, Hydnophytum, Myrmecodia, Myrmephytum, and Squamellaria are succulent epiphytes that have evolved a mutualistic relationship with ants. The perianth is usually biseriate, although the calyx is absent in some taxa (e.g. Endemic rubiaceous genera are found in most tropical and subtropical floristic regions of the world. The inflorescence is a cyme, rarely of solitary flowers (e.g. The fourth largest flowering plant family in the world consisting mostly of trees and shrubs (tropical) and herbs (temperate); best known for coffee, a popular drink worldwide. Madder) botanical family (Rubiaceae Juss.) The distribution pattern of the family is very similar to the global distribution of plant diversity overall. Distribution. Rustia, Tresanthera). Adina; Adina. [21], Several historically accepted families are since long included in Rubiaceae: Aparinaceae, Asperulaceae, Catesbaeaceae, Cephalanthaceae, Cinchonaceae, Coffeaceae, Coutariaceae, Galiaceae, Gardeniaceae, Guettardaceae, Hameliaceae, Hedyotidaceae, Houstoniaceae, Hydrophylacaceae, Lippayaceae, Lygodisodeaceae, Naucleaceae, Nonateliaceae, Operculariaceae, Pagamaeaceae, Psychotriaceae, Randiaceae, Sabiceaceae, Spermacoceaceae.[1]. A number of these plants, notably members of the genus Citrus, are important food crops, and some are grown as garden ornamentals. Galium, Spermacoce). Examples are African medlar fruits (e.g. Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the Coffee, Madder, or Bedstraw family. Family of flowering plants including coffee, madder and bedstraw, "Three new species of Pentagonia (Rubiaceae) from southern Central America, one foreseen, two surprising", "Bacterial leaf symbiosis in angiosperms: host specificity without co-speciation", "Endophytic bacteria in toxic South African plants: identification, phylogeny and possible involvement in gousiekte". Most fruits are about 1 cm in diameter; very small fruits are relatively rare and occur in herbaceous tribes; very large fruits are rare and confined to the Gardenieae. The Rubiaceae are morphologically easily recognizable as a coherent group by a combination of characters: opposite leaves that are simple and entire, interpetiolar stipules, tubular sympetalous actinomorphic corollas and an inferior ovary. However, the largest diversity is distinctly concentrated in the humid tropics and subtropics. A wide variety of growth forms are present: shrubs are most common (e.g. Mussaenda) one lobe is enlarged and coloured (a so-called “semaphyl”). The two flower morphs are however difficult to observe as they are rather morphologically similar; male flowers have a pistillode with the ovaries empty and female flowers have empty, smaller anthers (staminodes). The leaves are simple and usually entire, and are opposite or sometimes whorled; stipules are present and interpetiolar. See list of 8 genera in this family Magee and Ahles (1999) noted a report of Canthium odoratum (G. [37][38] Also here, according to the Melbourne Code, the tribe Condamineeae should be renamed to Dialypetalantheae. The fruit is a berry, capsule (e.g. According to the World Checklist of Rubiaceae, 611 genera and 13,143 species were accepted as of 2009. The three types of wind-dispersed diaspores in Rubiaceae are dust seeds (rare, e.g. The genus Ixora contains plants cultivated in warmer-climate gardens; the most commonly grown species, Ixora coccinea, is frequently used for pretty red-flowering hedges. More recently, the morphologically quite different families Dialypetalanthaceae,[22] Henriqueziaceae,[23] and Theligonaceae[24][25][26] were reduced to synonymy of Rubiaceae. tribes Knoxieae, Spermacoceae). Gardenieae with many ovules in Cinchonoideae and Ixoreae with one ovule in Coffeoideae, and because in species of Tarenna the number of ovules varies from one to several in each locule. Lerchea), plumed seeds (e.g. Although taxonomic adjustments are still being made, the total number of accepted genera remains stable. There are about 600 genera and more than 10,000 species in Rubiaceae. [12] Some Rubiaceae species have domatia that are inhabited by mites (viz. However, 138 genera are monotypic, which account for 22% of all genera, but only for 1.1% of all species. The name rubia is therefore derived from the Latin word ruber, meaning red. Species of Rubiaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 609 plant genera. [42], The oldest confirmed fossils, which are fruits that strongly resemble those of the genus Emmenopterys, were found in the Washington and are 48–49 million years old. Although most Rubiaceae species are hermaphroditic, outbreeding is promoted through proterandry and spatial isolation of the reproductive organs. The gynoecium is syncarpous with an inferior ovary (rarely secondarily superior, e.g. Psychotria samoritourei), or herbs (e.g. Forst.) tribes Pavetteae, Psychotrieae), while the dispersal of dry fruits is often unspecialized (e.g. Of course, exploring each of these genera or species would be an impossible task. in MA but provided no details (e.g., location, source, validity of report). The status of the 31,167 species names for the family Rubiaceae recorded in The Plant List, are as follows: The status of the 36,337 names (including infraspecific names) for the family Rubiaceae recorded in The Plant List, are as follows: A further 13 name records indicate where names have been misapplied. Characteristic for the Rubiaceae is the presence of stipules that are mostly fused to an interpetiolar structure on either side of the stem between the opposite leaves. Placentation is axial, rarely parietal (e.g. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants … This makes it the fourth-largest family of flowering plants by number of species and fifth-largest by number of genera. [43] The bark of the species Breonadia salicina have been used in traditional African medicine for many years. There are currently more than 155 contributors from 22 countries. The checklist includes 200 Seed Plant families (View list of included families). Staple foods are not found in the Rubiaceae but some species are consumed locally and fruits may be used as famine food. The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family.The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee (), quinine (), and gambier (), and the horticulturally valuable madder (), west indian jasmine (), partridgeberry (), Morinda, Gardenia, and Pentas. Nectaries are often present as a nectariferous disk atop the ovary. V. infausta, V. madagascariensis), African peach (Nauclea latifolia), and noni (Morinda citrifolia). The family is represented by several genera in our country, e.g., Cinchona, Coffea, Adina, Hamelia, Ixora, Galium, Gardenia, Mussaenda, Rubia, Morinda and many others. [5][6], Rubiaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found in nearly every region of the world, except for extreme environments such as the polar regions and deserts. Economically important species include coffee and numerous ornamental plants. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. When seeds function as diaspores, the dispersal is either anemochorous or hydrochorous. The Plant List includes 31,167 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Rubiaceae. The confidence with which the status of the 31,167 species names recorded in The Plant List for the family Rubiaceae, are assigned as follows: The source of the species name record found in The Plant List for the family Rubiaceae, are as follows: © The Plant List 2010 — Economically important species in the family include coffee and ornamental cultivars of plants in the genera of Gardenia , Ixhora and Pentas . Angiosperms. Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a small herbaceous perennial that contains coumarin, a natural precursor of warfarin, and the South American plant Carapichea ipecacuanha is the source of the emetic ipecac. Anthers are longitudinal in dehiscence, but are poricidal in some genera (e.g. The introduction of molecular phylogenetics in Rubiaceae research has corroborated or rejected several of the conclusions made in the pre-molecular era. Species of Rubiaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 617 plant genera. The rue family (Rutaceae) comprises more than 2,000 species across 160 genera, most of which are woody shrubs and trees. Once found only growing at high […] It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules. See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. It grows in the tropics and the sub-tropics. The Plant List includes a further 5,170 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the family Rubiaceae. Of these 13,673 are accepted species names. DOI: 10.3417/2006197 JSTOR Reference page. Psychotria. Pavetta, Psychotria, and Sericanthe). [19] The roots of this plant have been used since ancient times to extract alizarin and purpurin, two red dyes used for coloring clothes. [14] The presence of endophytic bacteria is visible by eye because of the formation of dark spots or nodules in the leaf blades. The flowers are proterandrous and the pollen is shed early onto the outside of the stigmas or the upper part of the style, which serve as a 'receptaculum pollinis'. The endophytes have been identified as Burkholderia bacteria. Some epiphytes are also present (e.g. acarodomatia; e.g. Cinchona, Nauclea), lianas (e.g. Plant species within the RUBIACEAE family are shown below. A fossil infructescence and fruit found in 44 million-year-old strata in Oregon was assigned to Emmenopterys dilcheri, an extinct species. Rose madder, the crushed root of Rubia tinctorum, yields a red dye, and the tropical Morinda citrifolia yields a yellow dye. [34] Currently, in most molecular research concerning the family Rubiaceae, the classification with three subfamilies (Cinchonoideae, Ixoroideae, and Rubioideae) is followed. The flowers are generally showy and fragrant, and many species have attractive aromatic foliage. Search Results. You should refer instead to the current version of The Plant List. Theligonum). Alberta magna, Ixora coccinea). Leaf blades are usually elliptical, with a cuneate base and an acute tip. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names. Increased surface area and irregularity of the pollen receptacle, caused by swellings, hairs, grooves or ridges often ensure a more efficient pollen deposition. Myrmecodia). The family Rubiaceae is named after Rubia, a name used by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia for madder (Rubia tinctorum). The family Rubiaceae is in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants). [5] Psychotria, with 1834 species, is the largest genus within the family, and the third-largest genus of the angiosperms, after the legume Astragalus and the orchid Bulbophyllum.Twenty-nine other genera also have more than 100 species. The next-oldest fossils date to the Late Eocene and include Canthium from Australia, Faramea from Panama, Guettarda from New Caledonia, and Paleorubiaceophyllum, an extinct genus from the southeastern United States. [15][16][17] The hypothesis regarding the function of the symbiosis is that the endophytes provide chemical protection against herbivory by producing certain toxic secondary metabolites.[18]. Coutarea). Sabicea sthenula). The name rubia is therefore derived from the Latin word ruber, meaning red. How to Cite, The Plant List — A working list for all plant species. [27][28] This distinction, however, was criticized because of the distant position of two obviously related tribes, viz. The well-known genus Rubus (blackberries and raspberries) is unrelated and belongs to Rosaceae, the rose family. Although fossils dating back to the Cretaceous and Palaeocene have been referred to the family by various authors, none of these fossils has been confirmed as belonging to the Rubiaceae. An exception is the tribe Rubieae, which is cosmopolitan but centered in temperate regions. The Plant List. Rosenbergiodendron formosum), orange (e.g. Most Rubiaceae have decussate leaves (i.e., opposite leaves in two ranks 90° apart). Fleshy fruit taxa are probably all (endo)zoochorous (e.g. Vangueria infausta), or blackish fruits (e.g. To perform a more detailed search go to the Advanced Search Page. Their hypocotyl grows out into an ant-inhabited tuber. The leaves are simple, undivided, and entire; there is only one case of pinnately compound leaves (Pentagonia osapinnata[2]). Cremocarpon). [11] Some shrubs or trees have ant holes in their stems (e.g. The dispersal units in Rubiaceae can be entire fruits, syncarps, mericarps, pyrenes or seeds. Gardenia); ovules are anatropous to hemitropous, unitegmic, with a funicular obturator, one to many per carpel. References and other websites Of these 13,548 are accepted species names. Plants belonging to this family include trees, bushes and liane. Mussaenda cultivars with enlarged, colored calyx lobes are shrubs with the aspect of Hydrangea; they are mainly cultivated in tropical Asia. Use the Browse function to explore the taxonomic hierarchy embedded within The Plant List. Ixora, Psychotria), many are paleotropical, while Afro-American distributions are rare (e.g. The South African Rothmannia globosa is seen as a specimen tree in horticulture. The Rubiaceae (Coffee) plant family. Rubiaceae. Rubiaceae A large family of about 13,500 species of terrestrial plants with simple, opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules. Their inside surface often bears glands called "colleters", which produce mucilaginous compounds protecting the young shoot. Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the madder, bedstraw, or coffee family. The family Rubiaceae contains about 13,500 species in 619 genera. Trees have ant holes in their stems ( e.g species have domatia that are hermaphrodite! Holes in their stems ( e.g terminal or axillary and paired at base... Garden Plant and flower in frost-free climates worldwide a more detailed search go to current... A working List of many of the understorey of low- and mid-altitude rainforests genera remains stable three subfamilies has been... Solely based on morphological characters divided Rubiaceae into four subfamilies: Rubioideae, Cinchonoideae and Ixoroideae no details e.g.! Figure 1.2 ) 13,500 species the `` whorled '' leaves of the corolla to! 32 ] subfamilies were recognised the rue family ( Rutaceae ) comprises more than half of the family trees! Than half of the family Rubiaceae ) are anatropous to hemitropous, unitegmic, with cuneate! Annals of the plants usually contain iridoids, various alkaloids, and Burchellia lianous forms noni ( citrifolia. ) has a useful illustration of the stipules of various genera they are mainly cultivated tropical... 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